MerLion of Singapore Sculpture

Description

The
Merlion
(
/
ˈ
m
ɜːr
ˌ
l
aɪ
ə
n
/
) is the official mascot of
Singapore
, depicted as a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. Being of prominent symbolic nature to Singapore and
Singaporeans
in general, it is widely used to represent both the city state and its people in sports teams, advertising, branding, tourism and as a
national personification
.
[1]
The Merlion was first used in Singapore as the logo for the tourism board. Its name combines "
mer
", meaning the
sea
, and "
lion
". The fish body represents Singapore's origin as a fishing village when it was called
Temasek
, which means "sea town" in
Javanese
. The lion head represents Singapore's original name—
Singapura
—meaning "lion city" or "kota singa".
The symbol was designed by
Alec Fraser-Brunner
, a member of the Souvenir Committee and curator of the
Van Kleef Aquarium
, for the
logo
of the
Singapore Tourism Board
(STB) in use from 26 March, 1964 to 1997 and has been its
trademarked
symbol since 20 July 1966. Although the STB changed their logo in 1997, the STB Act continues to protect the Merlion symbol.
[2]
Approval must be received from STB before it can be used. The Merlion frequently appears on STB-approved
souvenirs
.
Contents
1
Original location
2
Relocation of original statue
3
Maintenance of original statue
4
Damage by lightning
5
Merlion statues
6
The Merlion in art and popular culture
6.1
In film
6.2
In TV series
6.3
In gaming
6.4
In literature
6.5
As mascots and performance characters
6.6
In local parlance
6.7
In sculpture
6.8
Company logo
7
See also
8
References
9
Further reading
10
External links
Original location
[
edit
]
Merlion at its original location on the mouth of the Singapore River in 1994
On 15 September 1972,
Prime Minister
Lee Kuan Yew
officiated the installation ceremony of the Merlion statue.
[3]
The original Merlion statue used to stand at the mouth of the
Singapore River
, at the tip of the
Former Merlion Park
with
Anderson Bridge
as its background.
It was conceptualised by the
vice-chancellor
of the University of Singapore (now known as
National University of Singapore
) then, Kwan Sai Kheong. Made from November 1971 to August 1972 by the late Singapore sculptor, Lim Nang Seng (
Chinese
:
林浪新
;
pinyin
:
Lín Làngxīn
),
[4]
it measures 8.6 metres high and weighs 70 tons.
[3]
[5]
The project cost about
S$
165,000.
[3]
Relocation of original statue
[
edit
]
The Merlion Park viewed with the Singapore skyline in the background
The completion of the
Esplanade Bridge
, in 1997, blocked the views of the Merlion from the Marina Bay waterfront.
[3]
By then, the original Merlion location was also no longer the entrance of Singapore River.
[3]
So, in 2002, the statue and its cub were relocated 120 metres to the current
Merlion Park
that fronts
Marina Bay
where it stands on a newly reclaimed
promontory
in front of
The Fullerton Hotel
.
Another solution considered—to raise the Merlion on a pedestal at its original location—was deemed unsuitable as the view would still be blocked by the bridge. Other possible relocation sites considered included
Nicoll Highway
Extension Bridge,
Esplanade Park
,
Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay
, a promontory at Marina Centre (near where
Singapore Flyer
is located now), a promontory site at Bayfront (near the tip of
Marina Bay Sands
integrated resort
) and Kim Seng Park. However, all were either unsuitable or not technically feasible.
[3]
The unprecedented feat of relocation began on 23 April 2002 and finished on 25 April. A carefully engineered journey required one
barge
, two DEMAG AC1600S
cranes
of 5000 tonnes lifting capacity, plus a team of 20
engineers
and workers on site. The entire statue was hoisted onto the barge, which then sailed to the new installation site at the current Merlion Park, near the mouth of
Singapore River
. During the voyage, the statue had to be hoisted from the barge, over the
Esplanade Bridge
and then back onto the barge, as it was too tall to pass underneath.
Exactly 30 years after it was officially launched, then-
Senior Minister
Lee Kuan Yew
returned on 15 September 2002 to ceremonially welcome the Merlion again – this time in its new home. A viewing deck now stretches over the Singapore River, allowing visitors to pose for a photograph with a front or side view of the Merlion, including a new city skyline backdrop in the picture. The sculpture was aligned to face East, a direction advised to be most
auspicious
.
[5]
Relocated, the statue once more spouted water from its mouth, having stopped in its old location since 1998 due to a
water pump
malfunction. The Merlion now has a new two-unit water pump system with units working alternatively, so a partner is always on standby. The relocation and new site (four times larger than the original) cost
S$
7.5 million.
[5]
Maintenance of original statue
[
edit
]
From 5 June till 10 July 2006, the Merlion at Merlion Park underwent maintenance. The last one was right after its relocation. Dirt and stains were removed using high-pressure water streams, and various wear and tear of the statue was mended.
[6]
During that period, visitors were greeted with
illustrated
hoardings
and
canvases
covering the safety nets and
scaffolding
. The illustrations
[7]
were designed by
Miel
, an award-winning senior
artist
at
The Straits Times
. The illustration on the canvases made them look like
shower curtains
, with the Merlion sticking its head out with the shadow of its tail behind the curtain. The illustration on the
hoardings
showed the Merlion scrubbing himself with a brush and showering using a Merlion
shower head
spouting water. The Merlion said, "EXCUSE ME while I take a shower..." in a
speech bubble
.
The Merlion on Sentosa was designed and sculpted by an Australian Artist named James Martin. It is made of Glass Reinforced Cement (GRC) over a steel armature that is attached to the centre.
[8]
The Merlion Park was temporarily turned into a single-unit
hotel
suite, as part of an artwork by
Tatzu Nishi
, for the duration of the 2011
Singapore Biennale
.
[9]
Damage by lightning
[
edit
]
On Saturday, 28 February 2009, at about 4:26 pm, the Merlion in the Merlion Park was struck by lightning.
[10]
A breaking news from 938NOW local radio showed an image with fragments from the Merlion's head on the ground.
Examination of the damage was done quickly with wooden
scaffolding
set up on Sunday, 1 March 2009 for workers to take a closer look at the hole. The incident happened as a result of the lack of
lightning protection
on the Merlion itself.
[11]
Merlion statues
[
edit
]
The Merlion on
Sentosa
(already disassembled)
Mini Merlion
The Merlion on
Mount Faber
The Merlion Tourism Court
Within Singapore, there are six Merlion statues in Singapore which are approved by the STB.
[12]
[13]
The 8.6-metre-tall original statue at
Merlion Park
.
[14]
The smaller two-metre-tall statue standing behind the original statue weighed 3 ton and was commonly referred to as the "Merlion cub". It was inlaid with Chinese porcelain plates and bowls as part of its design.
[15]
The three-metre-tall glazed polymarble statue at Tourism Court (near Grange Road) completed in 1995
The three-metre-tall polymarble statue placed on
Mount Faber
's Faber Point
A pair of Merlion statues were constructed by the Ang Mo Kio Residential Committee in 1999. Those sitting at the entrance of the car park along Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1.
[16]
One of the previously approved statues, a 37-metre-tall gigantic replica at
Sentosa
, with Mouth Gallery Viewing Deck on the ninth storey, another viewing gallery on its head and Sentosa Merlion Shop, and capable of shining laser beams from its eyes,
[17]
was closed on 20 October 2019.
[18]
The area around the statue would be replaced by a
S$
90 million Sentosa Sensoryscape project targeted to be completed by 2022.
[18]
The statues can also be found outside of Singapore in various countries, namely
Indonesia
,
Japan
,
South Korea
, and
Thailand
.
[19]
The Merlion in art and popular culture
[
edit
]
Edwin Thumboo
's poem on display beside the Merlion statue
In film
[
edit
]
The Merlion makes an appearance in the 2018 movie
Crazy Rich Asians
, based on the
novel of the same name
by
Kevin Kwan
.
The Merlion makes multiple appearances in the 2019 animated movie
Detective Conan: The Fist of Blue Sapphire
.
In TV series
[
edit
]
The Merlion (Japanese: マーライオン) appeared in the influential anime
Cowboy Bebop
(episodes 18 and 24), where its appearance in an ancient home movie offers Singaporean amnesiac bounty hunter Faye Valentine a clue to her true origins.
The Merlion featured heavily in Hajime Satō's (佐藤　肇, Satō Hajime) re-imagining of
Shinjuku
in the 2005 anime,
Karas
.
The Merlion is featured in episode 11 of Japanese
light novel
,
Seitokai no Ichizon
.
The Merlion is seen in special episode 1 of the manga,
Hidamari Sketch
.
The Merlion appears when the lady landlord is searching for an apartment key in Episode 10 of
Hidamari Sketch
X: "Hoshimittsu".
The Merlion was used in an exclamation by Kyoko Toshino in episode 8 of
YuruYuri
in response to seeing Chizuru Ikeda drooling.
Together with the Little Mermaid of Denmark and
Manneken Pis
of Belgium, the Singapore Merlion is ranked in Japan as the 'Three Major Disappointments of the World'.
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
This meme was played out in episode 6 of the anime series
A Place Further Than The Universe
, when two of the characters expressed to their chagrin that the Merlion was not as disappointing as they thought.
In
Phineas and Ferb
'
s "Summer Belongs To You!", The Merlion was seen when the gang was bouncing around the world in a large rubber ball.
In the anime
Beelzebub
, Tatsuya Himekawa had merlion decorations in his house
The Amazing Race 25
had teams search the five official Merlions in
Singapore
(Tourism Court,
Mount Faber
,
Sentosa
and two in
Merlion Park
) to find a clue box in front of one of them, which was at
Mount Faber
.
[24]
The Merlion is seen in episode 1 of the 2013 anime television series,
Valvrave the Liberator
.
The Merlion is featured in episode 17 of the anime television series,
Blast of Tempest
.
The Merlion appears in episode 70 of
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit
.
The Merlion was briefly seen in episode 52 of
Yu-Gi-Oh! Arc-V
.
The Merlion and its supposed history are explained in
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
: Stardust Crusaders in episode 7 of the series.
On
TLC
reality series
Cake Boss
, a cake was made in the shape of The Merlion to commemorate Singapore's 50th Anniversary, incorporating flavors that are typically used in Singaporean desserts.
The Merlion was seen in episode 6 of the anime series
A Place Further Than The Universe
.
In episode 2 of
Konohana Kitan
, Yuzu exclaims "Merlion!" and mimics its water spout after she is pulled into the hot springs bath by Satsuki.
In
We Bare Bears
'
s episode titled "Lil' Squid", a Merlion statue makes an appearance in the aquarium which the bear cubs enter.
In gaming
[
edit
]
The Merlion can also be seen in the popular video game
Animal Crossing
for the
Nintendo GameCube
, and its sequels, as a decoration.
The Merlion can be summoned in the DS game,
Scribblenauts and Super Scribblenauts
.
The Merlion can be bought as a cash item and be used as a mount in
Ragnarok 2: Advent of Valkyrie
.
The Merlion is also featured in one of the Alien Egg miracle cards of the English version of
Animal Kaiser
.
Merlion Virtual Airlines, virtually based in Singapore, is a virtual airline focusing on the free flight simulator,
FlightGear
, which uses the Merlion as its logo.
In literature
[
edit
]
Edwin Thumboo
cemented the
iconic
status of the Merlion as a
personification
of Singapore with his poem "Ulysses by the Merlion" in 1979. Due to Thumboo's status as Singapore's unofficial
poet laureate
and the nationalistic mythmaking qualities of his poetry, future generations of Singaporean poets have struggled with the symbol of the Merlion, frequently taking an ironical, critical, or even hostile stand – and pointing out its artificiality and the refusal of ordinary Singaporeans to accept a tourist attraction as their national icon. The poem "attracted considerable attention among subsequent poets, who have all felt obliged to write their own Merlion (or anti-Merlion) poems, illustrating their anxiety of influence, as well as the continuing local fascination with the dialectic between a public and a private role for poets, which Thumboo (as
Yeats
before him, in the Irish context) has wanted to sustain as a fruitful rather than a tense relation between the personal and the public." Among the poems of this nature are "Merlign" by
Alvin Pang
and "Love Song for a Merlion" by Vernon Chan. More recent poems include "Merlion: Strike One" by
Koh Buck Song
in the 2009 anthology,
Reflecting on the Merlion
.
Merlions as a species were fictional characters in
Gwee Li Sui
's
Myth of the Stone
(1993), the first full-length graphic novel published in Singapore. They were depicted as calm and wise creatures that fought on the side of good and eventually overcame the dreaded
Kraken
. Gwee further popularised the
iconoclastic
image of the spitting Merlion in the early 1990s. It reappeared later with his well-loved poem "Propitiations" in his book of poems
Who Wants to Buy a Book of Poems?
(1998).
As mascots and performance characters
[
edit
]
For the inaugural
Singapore 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
, a pair of mascots,
Lyo and Merly
, were introduced. Merly is a "Merlion-ess cub" based on the Merlion. Her hair is inspired by the lion top half, while her fish half is represented in light-blue
scales
on her body. Unlike the actual merlion, she has hands and legs instead of a tailfin.
The 37m-tall Sentosa Merlion appeared in the
Magical Sentosa
show, awakening at the last scene of the show and shining two
laser beams
out of its eyes at the audience. (Similar to the storyline of the
Songs of the Sea
show.)
The popular Instagram plushie
MerRyan
is a merlion.
In local parlance
[
edit
]
Singaporeans often substitute the term "Merlion" in lieu of
vomiting
, in reference of the constant gushing of water from the Merlion's mouth.
[25]
It is now used by Singaporean medical staff as slang for a patient who has intractable vomiting.
In sculpture
[
edit
]
A small Merlion, complete with a
plaque
giving information about the original statues, forms part of the decoration in the "Mystic East" area of British theme park
Chessington World of Adventures
.
The Merlion was featured– or, depending on the point of view, not featured– during the 2005
Venice Biennale
in the controversial work
Mike
by artist
Lim Tzay Chuen
. He had proposed taking the sculpture in the Merlion Park to the Singapore Pavilion at the exhibition,
[26]
but was refused by the authorities.